Pigs by Intranasal Vaccination with Live Strain ts-S34

Bordetella bronchiseptica is known to cause infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine (13) and rabbits (9), to cause respiratory diseases in dogs (1), and to bring about death due to sepsis of aninals such as mice (5), guinea pigs (5), and swine (M. Maeda and T. Shimizu, 83rd Meet. Jpn. Soc. Vet. Sci., Abstr. No. 66). Hitherto, killed vaccines were mainly studied for prophylaxis of B. bronchiseptica infection in swine (4, 6, 7, 11; Y. Nakase, M. Kimura, and K. Shimoda, Abstr. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congr. 1976, p. 8), and in guinea pigs (10). The experimental results including those of live vaccine (3) indicated that the protective effect of these vaccines was suboptimal. In 1974, Maeda and Shimizu (8) reported that the growth of B. bronchiseptica inoculated intranasally was revealed by the fluorescent-antibody technique on the surface of the nasal, tracheal, and bronchiolar epithelium of swine. On the other hand, the temperature of nasal turbinate mucosa is known to be approximately 32 to 34C. Therefore, I developed the temperaturesensitive (ts) mutant strain of B. bronchiseptica which cannot grow at or above 34°C and studied it in guinea pigs for use as a live attenuated vaccine. The present paper deals with the characteristics of the strain and patterns of infection, immune response, and induction of resistance to subsequent challenge with a virulent strain of B. bronchiseptica.